Table of Contents
- What is Child Sex Trafficking?
- What is Online Enticement?
- What is Sextortion?
- Who is at Risk?
- How Pornography Impacts Child Sex Crimes
- Sex Trafficking Statistics
- Where Criminals Target Children Online
- How Criminals Groom and Lure Children Online
- Dangerous Online Terminology All Parents Should Know
- Warning Signs To Look For
- What Can Parents Do?
- How To Get Help
- Victims Share Their Stories
- Additional Resources
"Sex trafficking is a type of human trafficking and is a form of modern day slavery. Human trafficking occurs when a trafficker exploits an individual with force, fraud, or coercion to make them perform commercial sex or work."
"Online Enticement involves an individual communicating with someone believed to be a child via the internet with the intent to commit a sexual offense or abduction."
"A crime that happens online when an adult convinces a person who is younger than 18 to share sexual pictures or perform sexual acts on a webcam. Sextortion can start on any site where people meet and communicate."
"People who do not believe that their children could ever become victimized online are living in an unrealistic world. Regardless of if your child makes 'As' [in school] or not, that child has the potential to become victimized through online technologies. I think it is very important for parents of all socioeconomic status and with all different roles in society to take this problem very seriously."
- Melissa Morrow, Supervisory Special Agent, Child Exploitation Squad, FBI
Location of potential human trafficking cases in the US based on contacts made to the U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline in 2019 by PolarisProject.org:
Source: PolarisProject.org
High Risk Factors/Vulnerabilities for Trafficking Victims, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services:
- Poverty, economic strain, or unemployment
- Gender inequality
- History of sexual abuse or neglect
- Health/mental health issues
- Substance abuse or experimentation
- Unstable family conditions
- Live in high crime areas
- Low self-esteem
- Runaways
"Perpetrators of sex trafficking often target victims who are poor, lack support networks and are living on the margins of society, experts say. They especially target children with a history of abuse and neglect."
How COVID Changed Pornography Viewership In Teens and Why Images of Child Sexual Abuse Have Increased in Production and Consumption During the Pandemic:
"The U.S.-based nonprofit the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) said it had recorded a 106% increase in CyberTipline reports of suspected child sexual exploitation—rising from 983,734 reports in March 2019 to 2,027,520 in the same month [of 2020]."
- Forbes
- 15 is the average age of reported child sex trafficking victims
- One in six endangered runaways, reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in 2019, were likely victims of child sex trafficking
- Child sextortion victims range from 8 to 17 years-old
- 82% of people enticing children online are males
- The CyberTipline received 16.9 million reports in 2019 of child cyber abuse (sexual abuse images, online enticement, sextortion, child sex trafficking, etc.)
- Child sex trafficking has been reported in all 50 states
- The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children responded to more than 10,700 reports regarding possible child sex trafficking in 2019
The 2019 Children's Internet Usage Study by the Center for Cyber Safety and Education found 40% of kids in grades 4-8 reported they connected or chatted online with a stranger. Of those 40%:
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- 53% revealed their phone number to a stranger
- 21% spoke by phone with a stranger
- 15% tried to meet with a stranger
- 11% met a stranger in their own home, the stranger’s home, a park, mall or restaurant
- 30% texted a stranger from their phone
- 6% revealed their home address to a stranger
- Social Media
- Chatrooms and Online Forums
- Chat and Messaging Apps
- Online Job Ads
- Dating Websites and Dating Apps
- Porn Websites
- Multiplayer Online Games
Watch How Predators and Sex Traffickers Target Children Online (with Erin Williamson at Love146.org):
Listen to this post on: Apple Podcasts – Google Podcasts – Youtube
"Just because you don’t live in an urban area where you see exploitation happening does not mean that your child, sitting alone with their computer or their phone, in their bedroom, is not being exploited.”
- Erin Williamson, US Programs Director at Love146.org
Love146 is an international human rights organization working to end child trafficking and exploitation through survivor care and prevention.
"'Anywhere where people have access to the internet and access to kids, some people are going to try to use it as a tool to lure kids out,' said FBI Special Agent Kevin Kaufman of Orlando. 'You're pretty much inviting the world into your living room with these online gaming apps.'"
"Traffickers often identify vulnerable young people through their social media presence. For example, posts that may suggest low self-esteem, problems at home, or loneliness can signal to a trafficker that a person may be easily victimized. Recruiting victims online is generally much less risky than recruiting victims in person."
What Is Grooming?
"Online grooming is a process in which a predator uses seemingly casual or innocent information with the goal of establishing a relationship to gain a child’s trust. It may start with something as simple as a popular music group, sports team, or clothing trend."
Watch this FBI Video on How Predators Groom and Lure Young Victims Online:
source: FBI
Tactics offenders use to exploit children online, according to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children:
- Engaging in sexual conversation/role playing as a grooming method, rather than a goal
- Asking the child for sexually explicit images of themselves or mutually sharing images
- Developing a rapport through compliments, discussing shared interests or “liking” their online post
- Sending or offering sexually explicit images of themselves
- Pretending to be younger
- Offering an incentive such as a gift card, alcohol, drugs, lodging, transportation or food
SmartSocial.com's List of Teen Slang, Emojis, & Hashtags Parents Need to Know
Source: Child Rescue Coalition
This list of sex trafficking warning signs was created for parents and guardians by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children:
Warning Signs Your Child May Be In Contact With An Online Predator, according to Internet Safety 101:
- Becomes secretive about online activities
- Becomes obsessive about being online
- Gets angry when he or she can’t get online
- Receives phone calls from people you do not know or makes calls to numbers that you do not recognize
- Receives gifts, mail, or packages from someone you do not know
- Withdraws from family or friends
- Changes screens or turns off computer when an adult enters the room
- Begins downloading pornography online
3 Tips to Protect Children Online with Retired Police Lt. Joe Laramie
Talk with your children about online safety:
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- Teach them the difference between appropriate and inappropriate content
- Be specific about what is off-limits
- Set a rule that they can only be online "friends" with people they know in real life
- Talk about the dangers of oversharing and keeping personal details (address, location, birthday, etc) private
- Remind them their online actions can have consequences
- Have everyone in your family abide by the guidelines you set in a Family Social Media Agreement
- Tell your kids they can always come to you or a trusted adult if they ever experience anything inappropriate or troubling online
Be on all the same apps your students are using:
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- Read Smart Social's App Guides for 100+ Popular Teen Apps
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- Download each app your student wants to use or is already using
- See for yourself what kind of content is shared on each app
- Follow or connect with your student on each app and decide if it's appropriate for your family
- Familiarize yourself with the safety/privacy settings available on each app
- Consider using a reputable Parental Control Software, but don't solely rely on it to keep your kids safe online. You are their best defense
Report It
If you think you have seen a missing child, or suspect a child may be sexually exploited, contact the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children 24-hours a day, 7 days a week.
Report Child sexual exploitation
Use the CyberTipline to report child sexual exploitation
Make a Cyberlink Report>>These help lines are available 24/7:
- National Center for Missing and Exploited Children: 1 (800) THE-LOST (843-5678)
- National Human Trafficking Hotline: 1 (888) 373-7888
- National Child Abuse Hotline: (800) 4-A-CHILD (2-24453)
- National Sexual Assault Hotline: (800) 656-HOPE (4673)
A victim of sextortion speaks out to help others avoid being victimized:
source: FBI
A mother shares how her 17 year-old daughter, a college student at Northeastern University, became a child sex trafficking victim:
source: UNICEF USA
A woman shares the terrifying story of how she ran away from home, at the age of 13, to meet a man she met online:
source: Enough is Enough
Two George Mason University students explain how they fell victim to sextortion:
Source: ABC News
- National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
- Polaris and the US National Human Trafficking HotlineView
- Internet Safety 101 Safety Guide
- Check the safety of the apps your student uses on Smart Social's App Guide page
- Love146's Online Safety Guide
- Arizona State University’s Office of Sex Trafficking Intervention
- FBI's Safe Online Surfing (SOS) program
Parents: Learn 5 Practical Ways To Keep Students Safe Online During Virtual Learning (And 25 Apps To Avoid)
Join Josh's Free Parent/Educator Webinar To Learn How To Keep Your Kids Safe During Virtual Learning (Register Here)
Educators: Learn 7 Digital Citizenship Dangers To Know in 2020
Join Josh's Free Educator Webinar To Learn 7 Digital Citizenship Dangers To Know in 2020 (And How To Promote Safety On Campus & Online) (Register Here)
